Effizienzbewertung von Städten auf der Grundlage von Data Envelopment Analysis.
Routledge
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Datum
2013
item.page.journal-title
item.page.journal-issn
item.page.volume-title
Herausgeber
Routledge
Sprache (Orlis.pc)
GB
Erscheinungsort
Abingdon
Sprache
ISSN
0251-3625
ZDB-ID
Standort
ZLB: Kws155 ZB 6792
BBR: Z 2513
IFL: I 4087
BBR: Z 2513
IFL: I 4087
Dokumenttyp
Dokumenttyp (zusätzl.)
Autor:innen
Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag orientiert auf eine raumwissenschaftliche Effizienzbewertung unter Zuhilfenahme eines in der Ökonomie entwickelten Bewertungsansatzes. Zur Effizienzmessung von Produkten und Verfahren stehen unterschiedliche ökonomische Modellansätze zur Verfügung. Für die Bewertung von Städten liegen keine entsprechenden Ansätze vor. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob und in welchem Maße Städte einer vergleichenden Effizienzmessung zugänglich sind. Diese Untersuchung schlägt vor, Städte auf der Basis der Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) zu untersuchen. Der getestete und im Rahmen der Ausarbeitung vorgestellte Ansatz, die DEA, ist ein aus der Produktionswirtschaft stammendes nicht parametrisches, deterministisches Benchmarkingkonzept, bei dem die relative Effizienz von Entscheidungseinheiten (Decision Making Units [DMUs]) ermittelt wird. Den empirischen Untersuchungsrahmen bildeten 16 kreisfreie Städte in Deutschland. Für die Analyse standen sowohl ökologische als auch ökonomische Kenngrößen zur Verfügung. Um die jeweiligen Wirkungen der ökonomischen und ökologischen Einflussgrößen getrennt identifizieren zu können, wurden sowohl aus ökonomischer als auch aus ökologischer Sicht getrennt voneinander einfache Modellansätze erarbeitet. Beiden Modellansätzen lagen Hypothesen zugrunde. Es wurden Städte gesucht, die bei hohem ökonomischen Leistungsvermögen bzw. ökologischer Wirksamkeit die endliche Ressource "Fläche" am geringsten in Anspruch nehmen. Die Fläche ist zudem aus ökologischer und ökonomischer Perspektive ein Schlüsselindikator. Damit versucht der Ansatz einen Beitrag zur Nachhaltigkeitsdiskussion in Deutschland zu leisten. In einem interdisziplinären Diskurs wurden Input- und Outputgrößen gewählt, die als Stellvertretergrößen die gesuchten Zusammenhänge abbilden sollten. Das Ergebnis waren Städterankings, jeweils aus ökologischer und ökonomischer Perspektive.
Efficiency aims among others to achieve with the same effort the maximum benefit. For measuring the efficiency-of products and processes there are various economic models. This raises the question, whether and to which extent such models can be used to measure the efficiency of cities. In this context, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), commonly used in the field of economics production, has been tested to its applicability to cities. The DEA is a nonparametric, deterministic method to measure the efficiency of economic production, in which the relative efficiency of decision units. In the presented investigation of 16 urban municipalities in Germany were taken as DMUs of the DEA. A discussion about possible values to indicate efficiency of the cities in conjunction with first calculation tests led to a model, by which the economic and the ecological point of view is calculated separately by DEA. Hypotheses were established for both perspectives. Central assumption was: In the economic and ecological model we are looking for cities with least input of the resource "land use" and with high economic resp. ecological performance on output side. The selected input and output values are indicators to deliver an image of prospected correlations. The results allowed a ranking related to economic and ecological efficiency of cities as well as an assessment of the proportions of economic and ecological efficiency of the analyzed cities, realized with the aid of a nine-area-matrix (portfolio). The analysis showed that small and middle sized cities with low population, a medium settlement density and land productivity per unit area as well as a high ecological performance will meet the chosen efficiency criteria most likely. Based on the experience with these still very simple models, DEA appears to be an inspiring heuristic instrument for the attempt to draw near to a concept of an efficient city.
Efficiency aims among others to achieve with the same effort the maximum benefit. For measuring the efficiency-of products and processes there are various economic models. This raises the question, whether and to which extent such models can be used to measure the efficiency of cities. In this context, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), commonly used in the field of economics production, has been tested to its applicability to cities. The DEA is a nonparametric, deterministic method to measure the efficiency of economic production, in which the relative efficiency of decision units. In the presented investigation of 16 urban municipalities in Germany were taken as DMUs of the DEA. A discussion about possible values to indicate efficiency of the cities in conjunction with first calculation tests led to a model, by which the economic and the ecological point of view is calculated separately by DEA. Hypotheses were established for both perspectives. Central assumption was: In the economic and ecological model we are looking for cities with least input of the resource "land use" and with high economic resp. ecological performance on output side. The selected input and output values are indicators to deliver an image of prospected correlations. The results allowed a ranking related to economic and ecological efficiency of cities as well as an assessment of the proportions of economic and ecological efficiency of the analyzed cities, realized with the aid of a nine-area-matrix (portfolio). The analysis showed that small and middle sized cities with low population, a medium settlement density and land productivity per unit area as well as a high ecological performance will meet the chosen efficiency criteria most likely. Based on the experience with these still very simple models, DEA appears to be an inspiring heuristic instrument for the attempt to draw near to a concept of an efficient city.
item.page.description
Schlagwörter
Zeitschrift
DISP
Ausgabe
Nr. 1
Nr. 192
Nr. 192
Erscheinungsvermerk/Umfang
Seiten
S. 44-53