Wissen, Bauen und urbaner Wandel im sowjetischen Usbekistan der 1960er Jahre.
Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik
Zitierfähiger Link:
Keine Vorschau verfügbar
Datum
2021
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item.page.journal-issn
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Herausgeber
Deutsches Institut für Urbanistik
Sprache (Orlis.pc)
DE
Erscheinungsort
Berlin
Sprache
ISSN
2567-1405
ZDB-ID
2901326-4
Standort
ZLB: Kws 118 ZA 3487
Dokumenttyp
Dokumenttyp (zusätzl.)
Autor:innen
Zusammenfassung
Am Beispiel von Taschkent und Samarkand skizziert der Beitrag die städtebauliche Sowjetisierung der historisch gewachsenen Oasenstädte. Der Text thematisiert die Konkurrenz zweier Wissensformen: In Anlehnung an James Scotts Terminologie und Unterscheidung von Techne und Metis beschreibt er die Wohnungspolitik in Usbekistan als Aushandlungsprozess dieser Wissensformen. An diesem historischen Beispiel wird klar, dass es sich nicht um zwei polare, sich historisch ablösende oder ausschließende Wissensformen handelte, sondern dass diese eng miteinander verflochten waren. Sie gingen gleichsam Hand in Hand, wenn die Bewohner ihr traditionelles, handwerkliches Wissen selbstverständlich mit sogenanntem modernen und verwissenschaftlichten Wissen verbanden. Zugleich werden hier die historischen Zuschreibungen zu Wissensformen deutlich. Stets war die Unterscheidung von Techne und Metis präsent und die beiden wurden unterschiedlich konnotiert – modern versus traditionell, wissenschaftlich versus Erfahrung und handwerkliches Wissen – wenngleich all diese Unterscheidungen in den Praktiken des Wohnungsbaus keine Rolle spielten. Vor allem gerät hier die Bedeutung lokalen Wissens in den Blick und dessen Positionierungen und Aushandlungen zu Wissen, das als modern und wissenschaftlich gewertet wurde.
The Sovietization of Central Asian cities has been mostly written as that of a state-induced urban modernization process that turned Islamic cities into planned, socialist cities. The impact of Soviet urban planning and redevelopment, however, was highly diverse across different cities. The mass housing campaign that began under Khrushchev in the 1960s catalyzed the transition of the capital Tashkent into a socialist model city. In Samarkand, however, its impact remained relatively modest. Plans to redevelop the Islamic old city never materialized and a surge in the regular and irregular self-help construction of private adobe brick houses shaped the city’s peri-urban landscape. Using the example of Tashkent and Samarkand and drawing on James Scott’s differentiation between metis and techne, our paper examines the different forms of knowledge that both state planners and private builders drew upon for planning and building activities. Our paper shows that this interplay in urban planning and architecture, and especially in everyday building practice, cannot only be understood not in terms of an opposition. It can also be conceived as an entanglement of both forms of knowledge, resulting from numerous negotiation processes between the Soviet bureaucracy, planners, and the inhabitants of the cities.
The Sovietization of Central Asian cities has been mostly written as that of a state-induced urban modernization process that turned Islamic cities into planned, socialist cities. The impact of Soviet urban planning and redevelopment, however, was highly diverse across different cities. The mass housing campaign that began under Khrushchev in the 1960s catalyzed the transition of the capital Tashkent into a socialist model city. In Samarkand, however, its impact remained relatively modest. Plans to redevelop the Islamic old city never materialized and a surge in the regular and irregular self-help construction of private adobe brick houses shaped the city’s peri-urban landscape. Using the example of Tashkent and Samarkand and drawing on James Scott’s differentiation between metis and techne, our paper examines the different forms of knowledge that both state planners and private builders drew upon for planning and building activities. Our paper shows that this interplay in urban planning and architecture, and especially in everyday building practice, cannot only be understood not in terms of an opposition. It can also be conceived as an entanglement of both forms of knowledge, resulting from numerous negotiation processes between the Soviet bureaucracy, planners, and the inhabitants of the cities.
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Schlagwörter
Zeitschrift
Moderne Stadtgeschichte : MSG
Ausgabe
1
Erscheinungsvermerk/Umfang
Seiten
83-101