Stadt der kurzen Wege und der weiten Reisen.
Springer
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Springer
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DE
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Heidelberg
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0034-0111
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ZLB: Kws 150 ZB 6820
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Abstract
Eine Vielzahl von Untersuchungen befasst sich mit räumlichen Unterschieden des Verkehrsverhaltens, insbesondere den zurückgelegten Distanzen. Nach diesen Untersuchungen legt die Bevölkerung kleinerer Gemeinden größere Distanzen zurück als die Bevölkerung von Großstädten. Dabei fokussieren die Untersuchungen allerdings auf den Alltagsverkehr. Fernreisen werden entweder nur am Rande betrachtet oder gänzlich ausgeschlossen. Doch Fernreisen tragen trotz ihrer geringen Anzahl aufgrund der Länge der einzelnen Reisen erheblich zum Gesamtverkehrsaufwand bei. In diesem Beitrag untersuchen wir die Distanzen im Alltags- und im Fernverkehr sowie deren Summe und differenzieren nach der Einwohnerzahl des Wohnortes und zahlreichen soziodemografischen und sozioökonomischen Merkmalen. Wir verwenden Verfahren der beschreibenden Statistik, die Heckman-Schätzung und lineare Regressionsmodelle. Hierbei zeigt sich, dass die soziodemografischen und sozioökonomischen Merkmale die Distanzen im Alltags- und Fernverkehr jeweils in gleicher Richtung beeinflussen, während die räumlichen Effekte im Alltags- und Fernverkehr gegenläufig sind. Während die Alltagsdistanzen mit der Einwohnerzahl der Gemeinden abnehmen, sind die Distanzen im Fernverkehr umso größer, je höher die Einwohnerzahl ist. In der Gesamtdistanz aus Alltags- und Fernverkehr sind die Unterschiede zwischen den Gemeindegrößenklassen deutlich geringer als bei einer ausschließlichen Analyse des Alltagsverkehrs.
There is a bulk of research on spatial differences in travel behavior, more specifically travel distances. This research suggests that the distances travelled by the population of small municipalities are longer than that by the population of larger cities. However, related studies focus mainly on daily travel. Long-distance trips are included as a minor aspect on top', if at all. Often they are deliberately excluded from analysis due to the focus on daily travel. On the other hand, long-distance travel accounts for a large fraction in total mileage due to the length of trips. In this paper we study travel distances in daily trips and long-distance trips, comparing municipality size categories. We also study the sum of annual travel distances on the individual level. We use descriptive statistics as well as Heckman models and OLS regressions, controlling for various sociodemographics. We find distances travelled for long-distance trips and daily trips to be affected by sociodemographics in much the same way, while spatial effects affect distances travelled for daily and long-distance trips in different directions. While daily travel distances are negatively associated with municipality size. it is the other way round for long-distance trips. As an outcome, the travel reduction effect of large cities is largely compensated for by long-distance trips.
There is a bulk of research on spatial differences in travel behavior, more specifically travel distances. This research suggests that the distances travelled by the population of small municipalities are longer than that by the population of larger cities. However, related studies focus mainly on daily travel. Long-distance trips are included as a minor aspect on top', if at all. Often they are deliberately excluded from analysis due to the focus on daily travel. On the other hand, long-distance travel accounts for a large fraction in total mileage due to the length of trips. In this paper we study travel distances in daily trips and long-distance trips, comparing municipality size categories. We also study the sum of annual travel distances on the individual level. We use descriptive statistics as well as Heckman models and OLS regressions, controlling for various sociodemographics. We find distances travelled for long-distance trips and daily trips to be affected by sociodemographics in much the same way, while spatial effects affect distances travelled for daily and long-distance trips in different directions. While daily travel distances are negatively associated with municipality size. it is the other way round for long-distance trips. As an outcome, the travel reduction effect of large cities is largely compensated for by long-distance trips.
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Journal
Raumforschung und Raumordnung
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Nr. 1
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S. 15-31