Hochwasserfrühwarnung für kleine Einzugsgebiete. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen im Lichte operationeller Anforderungen am Beispiel Sachsens. Endbericht zum Projektvorhaben "Konzeption, Umsetzung sowie Operationalisierung eines Systems zur Ableitung und Bereitstellung von Produkten zur Bewertung und Prognose der regionalen Hochwassergefährdung für kleine Einzugsgebiete in Sachsen".
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In den letzten Jahren war der Freistaat Sachsen wiederholt sowohl von großen Flusshochwassern, als auch von kleinräumigen, extremen Abflussereignissen in Folge von Starkregen betroffen. Eine Frühwarnung vor potentiell gefahrträchtigen hydrologischen Situationen in kleinen Einzugsgebieten muss dabei nicht nur hydrologische, sondern auch meteorologische Aspekte sowie Fragen der Kommunikation von Warnungen berücksichtigen. Zur Identifikation der Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Hochwasserfrühwarnung für schnell reagierende, kleine Einzugsgebiete wurden daher untersucht: (1) die Ansprüche potentieller Nutzer von Hochwasserfrühwarnprodukten, (2) quantitative Niederschlagsschätzungen und -vorhersageprodukte und (3) verschiedene hydrologische Modellansätze. Ausgehend von diesen Erkenntnissen werden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen einer Hochwasserfrühwarnung für kleine Einzugsgebiete aufgezeigt und schließlich ein geeigneter Ansatz konzipiert, implementiert und in ein operationelles Hochwasserfrühwarnsystem überführt.
In recent years, the Free State of Saxony (Eastern Germany) was repeatedly hit by both extensive riverine flooding, as well as flash flood events, emerging foremost from convective heavy rainfall. Especially after a couple of rather small-scale, yet disastrous events in the last years, preconditions, drivers, and methods for deriving flash-flood related early warning products are investigated. This is to clarify the feasibility and the limits of envisaged early warning procedures for small catchments, hit by flashy heavy rain events. Early warning about potentially flash flood prone situations (i.e., with a suitable lead time regarding required reaction-time needs of the stakeholders involved in flood risk management) needs to take into account not only hydrological, but also meteorological, as well as communication issues. Therefore, a threefold methodology is proposed to identify potential benefits and limitations in a real-world warning/reaction context. First, the user demands (with respect to desired/required warning products, preparation times, etc.) are investigated. Second, focusing on small catchments of some hundred square kilometers, quantitative precipitation estimates and forecasts are verified. Third, considering the user needs, as well as the input parameter uncertainty (i.e., foremost emerging from an uncertain QPF), a feasible, yet robust hydrological modeling approach is proposed on the basis of a comparative study, employing deterministic, data-driven, and simple scoring methods. Eventually, this approach is conceptualized, implemented and transferred to an operational flash flood early warning system for Saxony.
In recent years, the Free State of Saxony (Eastern Germany) was repeatedly hit by both extensive riverine flooding, as well as flash flood events, emerging foremost from convective heavy rainfall. Especially after a couple of rather small-scale, yet disastrous events in the last years, preconditions, drivers, and methods for deriving flash-flood related early warning products are investigated. This is to clarify the feasibility and the limits of envisaged early warning procedures for small catchments, hit by flashy heavy rain events. Early warning about potentially flash flood prone situations (i.e., with a suitable lead time regarding required reaction-time needs of the stakeholders involved in flood risk management) needs to take into account not only hydrological, but also meteorological, as well as communication issues. Therefore, a threefold methodology is proposed to identify potential benefits and limitations in a real-world warning/reaction context. First, the user demands (with respect to desired/required warning products, preparation times, etc.) are investigated. Second, focusing on small catchments of some hundred square kilometers, quantitative precipitation estimates and forecasts are verified. Third, considering the user needs, as well as the input parameter uncertainty (i.e., foremost emerging from an uncertain QPF), a feasible, yet robust hydrological modeling approach is proposed on the basis of a comparative study, employing deterministic, data-driven, and simple scoring methods. Eventually, this approach is conceptualized, implemented and transferred to an operational flash flood early warning system for Saxony.
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