Rekonstruktion statt Original - das historische Zentrum von Warschau.
Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung
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Datum
2011
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item.page.journal-issn
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Herausgeber
Bundesinstitut für Bau-, Stadt- und Raumforschung
Sprache (Orlis.pc)
DE
Erscheinungsort
Bonn
Sprache
ISSN
0303-2493
ZDB-ID
Standort
BBR: Z 703
ZLB: Zs 2548-4
IFL: Z 0073
IRB: Z 885
ZLB: Zs 2548-4
IFL: Z 0073
IRB: Z 885
Dokumenttyp
Dokumenttyp (zusätzl.)
Autor:innen
Zusammenfassung
Mit der Anerkennung des Warschauer Stadtzentrums als UNESCO-Weltkulturerbe wurde die Wiederaufbauleistung in dieser Stadt anerkannt, deren Zentrum im Krieg zu 85 % zerstört worden war. Dadurch wurde Warschau ein denkmalpflegerisches Vorbild für weitere Städte Polens und andere europäische Länder. Auch für das polnische Nationalbewusstsein und die kulturelle Identität der Polen spielten der Wiederaufbau und schließlich der Weltkulturerbe-Status eine wichtige Rolle. Allerdings ist der Welterbe-Status nicht unumstritten, denn die meisten Bauten wurden von Grund auf neu errichtet und stellen somit Repliken und keine originale Denkmalsubstanz dar. Häufig wurden zudem nur die Fassaden (annähernd) original wieder aufgebaut und auch mit ganz anderen Materialien als zuvor. Diese damalige Praxis kennzeichnet auch heute noch die Haltung der polnischen Bevölkerung in Fragen des Städtebaus und Denkmalschutzes. Dort gelten historisierende Repliken weiterhin mindestens so viel wie historische Originalbauten. Oft bestimmen daher Demontage und Wiederaufbau statt Erhalt das Geschehen und stoßen moderne Bauten auf Ablehnung. In all dem schwingt ein Wunsch nach der Wiedergewinnung einer "verlorenen Schönheit" mit, ebenso die Suche nach Identität und das Bedürfnis, die eigene Besonderheit herauszuheben und gleichzeitig eine lokale Bindung zu vertiefen. Für die Denkmalpflege hat dies weitreichende Konsequenzen; nicht zuletzt droht ihr bei ihrer Arbeit ein Verlust an verbindlichen fachlichen Standards.
With the recognition of the city centre of Warsaw as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage, the reconstruction achievement in this city was recognised, the centre of which was destroyed to 85% during the war. Through this, Warsaw turned into a conservation model for further cities of Poland and other European countries. The reconstruction and finally the World Cultural Heritage status also played an important role for the Polish national consciousness and the cultural identity of the Polish citizens. However, the World Heritage status is not undisputed, since most buildings were reconstructed completely and therefore constitute replicas and no original monument substance. Moreover, frequently only the facades were rebuilt (approximately) in the original way and also with completely different materials than before. This practice at that time still characterizes the attitude of the Polish population in questions of urban development and the protection of historic buildings and monuments today. There historicist replicas are still valued at least as much as historic original buildings. Often therefore the dismantling and reconstruction instead of maintenance determine the activities, and modern buildings meet with rejection. In all this there are overtones of a wish to regain a "lost beauty', as well as the search for identity and the desire to underline the own specific features and to deepen a local attachment at the same time. For the protection of historic buildings and monuments this has far-reaching consequences; not least it is threatened in its work by a loss of binding specialist standards.
With the recognition of the city centre of Warsaw as a UNESCO World Cultural Heritage, the reconstruction achievement in this city was recognised, the centre of which was destroyed to 85% during the war. Through this, Warsaw turned into a conservation model for further cities of Poland and other European countries. The reconstruction and finally the World Cultural Heritage status also played an important role for the Polish national consciousness and the cultural identity of the Polish citizens. However, the World Heritage status is not undisputed, since most buildings were reconstructed completely and therefore constitute replicas and no original monument substance. Moreover, frequently only the facades were rebuilt (approximately) in the original way and also with completely different materials than before. This practice at that time still characterizes the attitude of the Polish population in questions of urban development and the protection of historic buildings and monuments today. There historicist replicas are still valued at least as much as historic original buildings. Often therefore the dismantling and reconstruction instead of maintenance determine the activities, and modern buildings meet with rejection. In all this there are overtones of a wish to regain a "lost beauty', as well as the search for identity and the desire to underline the own specific features and to deepen a local attachment at the same time. For the protection of historic buildings and monuments this has far-reaching consequences; not least it is threatened in its work by a loss of binding specialist standards.
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Schlagwörter
Zeitschrift
Informationen zur Raumentwicklung
Ausgabe
Nr. 3/4
Erscheinungsvermerk/Umfang
Seiten
S. 227-236