The elderly in green spaces. Understanding, mapping, and planning for nature-based recreation.
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Herausgeber
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DE
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Hannover
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Die Arbeit zielt darauf ab, ein systematisches Verständnis der Präferenzen älterer Menschen für Naturnahe Erholung (NE) zu liefern, die Möglichkeiten und Nachfragen von NE räumlich zu bewerten und die Gleichheit des Zugangs zu NE fur ältere Menschen zu untersuchen. Folgende Fragen werden beantwortet (1) Welche Landschaftsmerkmale und Grünflächenmerkmale werden von älteren Menschen bevorzugt? (2) Welche Erholungspotenziale sowie Möglichkeiten für und Anforderungen älterer Menschen an NE gibt es im Stadtgebiet Hannover? (3) Wie gleichberechtigt ist der Zugang älterer Menschen zu Grünflächen in Hannover auf Quartiersebene. Für das erste Ziel - den Nachweis von Präferenzen zu synthetisieren - wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche nach dem "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses"-Ansatz durchgeführt. Für das zweite Ziel - der Kartierung von NE-Möglichkeiten - wurde ein räumliches Modell erstellt, basierend auf dem ESTIMAP-Erholungsmodell. Das angepasste Modell berücksichtigt Sonderfaktoren und -parameter, um die Präferenzen älterer Menschen für NE im städtischen Maßstab besser zu integrieren. Es bewertete NE-Möglichkeiten unter Berücksichtigung der Landschaftsästhetik, verschiedener Arten von Einrichtungen und der Nähe. Die Ergebnisse einer Fallstudie in Hannover zeigen, dass die Stadt zwar über viele Stadtparks verfügt, aber nur Teile davon hohe Erholungsmöglichkeiten für ältere Menschen bieten. Für das dritte Ziel - der Bewertung der Gleichheit des Zugangs zu städtischen Grünflächen - wurde ein verbesserter "two-step floating catchment area" (2SFCA)- Ansatz zur Messung der Grünflächen pro Kopf entwickelt. Es werden zwei Szenarien getestet, die zwei Mobilitätsstufen in Bezug auf ältere Menschen und die gesamte Bevölkerung darstellen.
This thesis aims to provide a systematic understanding of elderly people's preferences for Nature-based recreation (NBR) and is organized by the following research questions. The first question concerns the state of scientific knowledge and asks: (1) What landscape characteristics and green space features are preferred by elderly people? The second and third questions refer to an empirical investigation in the case study of Hannover, Germany. The questions are: (2) What recreation potentials, opportunities, and demands of elderly people for NBR exist in the Hannover urban area? (3) How equitable is the access of the elderly to green spaces at the census block level in Hannover? For the first objective of synthesizing evidence of preferences, a systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. This review analyzed 44 peer-reviewed articles in depth that were published between 2000 and 2017. The results were summarized in a framework of factors regarding elderly people's preferences. The framework consists of four categories: landscape features (e.g. aesthetics, legibility, and cultural heritage), infrastructure and facilities (e.g. trails, recreational facilities, and business settings), maintenance (e.g. cleanliness and security), and accessibility. Based on the findings, following planning recommendations were proposed to consider elderly people's preferences in developing urban green spaces: (1) A spatial assessment of elderly people's preferences can help to create a basis for green space planning. (2) The distribution of urban green spaces should be optimized to fulfill elderly people's demands and to alleviate inequality in access to areas with high recreation opportunities. (3) Facilities and infrastructure are vital to urban green space development. Many green spaces are aesthetically pleasing, and their NBR potential can be better pursued by improving facilities and infrastructure. Future studies are suggested to examine more closely how cultural contexts would affect elderly people's preferences for NBR and to consider temporal and spatial dynamics of demographic changes in planning green spaces.
This thesis aims to provide a systematic understanding of elderly people's preferences for Nature-based recreation (NBR) and is organized by the following research questions. The first question concerns the state of scientific knowledge and asks: (1) What landscape characteristics and green space features are preferred by elderly people? The second and third questions refer to an empirical investigation in the case study of Hannover, Germany. The questions are: (2) What recreation potentials, opportunities, and demands of elderly people for NBR exist in the Hannover urban area? (3) How equitable is the access of the elderly to green spaces at the census block level in Hannover? For the first objective of synthesizing evidence of preferences, a systematic literature review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. This review analyzed 44 peer-reviewed articles in depth that were published between 2000 and 2017. The results were summarized in a framework of factors regarding elderly people's preferences. The framework consists of four categories: landscape features (e.g. aesthetics, legibility, and cultural heritage), infrastructure and facilities (e.g. trails, recreational facilities, and business settings), maintenance (e.g. cleanliness and security), and accessibility. Based on the findings, following planning recommendations were proposed to consider elderly people's preferences in developing urban green spaces: (1) A spatial assessment of elderly people's preferences can help to create a basis for green space planning. (2) The distribution of urban green spaces should be optimized to fulfill elderly people's demands and to alleviate inequality in access to areas with high recreation opportunities. (3) Facilities and infrastructure are vital to urban green space development. Many green spaces are aesthetically pleasing, and their NBR potential can be better pursued by improving facilities and infrastructure. Future studies are suggested to examine more closely how cultural contexts would affect elderly people's preferences for NBR and to consider temporal and spatial dynamics of demographic changes in planning green spaces.
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XVII, 118 S.