Bereitstellung von Ladeinfrastruktur für Elektrofahrzeuge unter Berücksichtigung idealtypischer Ladebedarfe. Eine institutionenökonomische Analyse.
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Datum
2017
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Herausgeber
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DE
Erscheinungsort
Berlin
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Zusammenfassung
In der Arbeit erfolgt eine institutionenökonomische Untersuchung der Fragen, die sich im Kontext der Bereitstellung von öffentlich zugänglicher und privater Ladeinfrastruktur stellen. Soweit möglich werden Handlungsempfehlungen an die öffentliche Hand zu Anpassungen des institutionellen Rahmens abgeleitet, die eine aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Perspektive effiziente Bereitstellung von Ladeinfrastruktur fördern. Die Bereitstellung eines Schnellladenetzwerkes durch einen zentralen Akteur mit öffentlichem Zielsystem erscheint vorteilhaft gegenüber einer wettbewerblichen Bereitstellung. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Herausforderung bei der Bereitstellung von Möglichkeiten zur regelmäßigen Ladung die Koordination mit dem Parkraum, so dass die Bereitstellung von Ladeinfrastruktur durch die (dezentralen) Stellplatzbereitsteller erfolgen sollte. Im öffentlichen Raum sind die Gemeinden gefordert, über die Ausgestaltung differenzierter Nutzungsregeln zuverlässige Ladeangebote für "Laternenparker" zu entwickeln. Im privaten Bereich erscheint es zielführend, Nutzern ein Anrecht auf Ladeinfrastrukturbereitstellung gegenüber Stellplatzinhabern zu gewähren. Die Bereitstellung von Ladeinfrastruktur zur Zwischendurchladung an unregelmäßigen Parkorten ist von niedrigerer Bedeutung für das gesamte Elektromobilitätssystem. Darüber hinaus haben Stellplatzbereitsteller an den Parkorten grundsätzlich wirksame Anreize, effizient Ladeinfrastrukturangebote zur Zwischendurchladung bereitzustellen. Die öffentliche Hand kann die Komplexität und Kosten in den drei Bereichen durch die Einführung von technischen Standards sowie Regeln zu Betrieb und Strombelieferung von Ladeinfrastruktur reduzieren. Bei einer finanziellen Förderung der Ladeinfrastrukturbereitstellung durch die öffentliche Hand sind Nachfrageverschiebungen aufgrund von Substitutionsbeziehungen zwischen verschiedenen Ladeangeboten zu berücksichtigen.
The German federal government has committed to quantitative targets regarding the e-mobility market development by 2020. The provision of (private and publicly accessible) charging infrastructure is seen as one of the main challenges to achieve these targets. This dissertation identifies and examines questions that arise in the context of providing charging infrastructure from the perspective of institutional economics. As far as possible policy recommendations for an efficient provision of charging infrastructure are derived. In the first step the dissertation identifies three ideal types of charging needs from a customer s perspective: A nation-wide fast charging network is required to provide comprehensive mobility options for users. Users need a reliable charging facility at their regular parking spot to be able to cover their every day mobility needs. Charging facilities at occasional parking spots can selectively further enhance the charging infrastructure system. The analyses show that the provision of a fast charging network should be coordinated centrally. In contrast it should be the parking spot providers to decide upon charging facility installation for regular use on their premises. Local authorities will need to develop differentiated rules for usage and allocation of charging facilities on public parking space to guarantee the required level of reliability for users. Users that regularly use private parking spots should be entitled to demand the installation of charging facilities of their landlords or employers. Charging infrastructure at occasional parking spots is of less priority for the overall e mobility system and parking spot providers have incentives to provide an adequate level of charging infrastructure. It is shown that the public authorities can clearly reduce the costs of providing charging infrastructure by enforcing technical standards as well as establishing rules on how charging infrastructure is provided with electricity. In case the public authorities subsidize the provision of charging infrastructure it should take into account substitution effects between the demand for different types of charging infrastructure.
The German federal government has committed to quantitative targets regarding the e-mobility market development by 2020. The provision of (private and publicly accessible) charging infrastructure is seen as one of the main challenges to achieve these targets. This dissertation identifies and examines questions that arise in the context of providing charging infrastructure from the perspective of institutional economics. As far as possible policy recommendations for an efficient provision of charging infrastructure are derived. In the first step the dissertation identifies three ideal types of charging needs from a customer s perspective: A nation-wide fast charging network is required to provide comprehensive mobility options for users. Users need a reliable charging facility at their regular parking spot to be able to cover their every day mobility needs. Charging facilities at occasional parking spots can selectively further enhance the charging infrastructure system. The analyses show that the provision of a fast charging network should be coordinated centrally. In contrast it should be the parking spot providers to decide upon charging facility installation for regular use on their premises. Local authorities will need to develop differentiated rules for usage and allocation of charging facilities on public parking space to guarantee the required level of reliability for users. Users that regularly use private parking spots should be entitled to demand the installation of charging facilities of their landlords or employers. Charging infrastructure at occasional parking spots is of less priority for the overall e mobility system and parking spot providers have incentives to provide an adequate level of charging infrastructure. It is shown that the public authorities can clearly reduce the costs of providing charging infrastructure by enforcing technical standards as well as establishing rules on how charging infrastructure is provided with electricity. In case the public authorities subsidize the provision of charging infrastructure it should take into account substitution effects between the demand for different types of charging infrastructure.
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XII, 257 S.