The regional heterogeneity of wind power deployment. An empirical investigation of land-use policies in Germany and Sweden.

Abstract

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, die Auswirkungen von Landnutzungs-Vorgaben auf die Nutzung von Windenergie auf regionaler Ebene in Deutschland bzw. Schweden zu untersuchen. Hierfür wurden Daten zur Windenergiekapazität in Deutschland und Schweden aus den Jahren 2008-2012 verwendet. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen, dass die festgestellten Unterschiede bei der Windenergienutzung in erheblichem Maße auf die jeweiligeFlächennutzungspolitik zurückzuführen sind, nicht zuletzt in Form von Vorranggebieten und der Ausweisung von Schutzgebieten. Die quantitativen Ergebnisse zeigen interessante Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Ländern, insbesondere in Bezug auf Vorranggebiete und Schutzgebiete.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impacts of land-use policies on wind power deployment at the regional levels in Germany and Sweden, respectively. We use data on added wind capacity at the German district level and the Swedish municipality level over the time period 2008-2012. These data are analysed with a model specification permitting the probability of having any capacity addition (1/0) during this period to be independent of the level of the installed capacity (in MW). The results confirm that the regional variations in wind power deployment can to a significant extent be attributed to land-use policies, not least in the form of priority areas and the designation of restricted areas. The quantitative results display interesting differences across the two countries, not least concerning the role of priority areas, which is found to be much more profound in the German case. The assignment of protected areas appears instead to have constituted a more stringent policy tool in Sweden. Furthermore, cross-country differences in the relevance of various explanatory variables are also found to be related to geographical patterns, the overall extent of wind power deployment, as well as the design of the support schemes for wind power. Overall, the results highlight the need for better understanding of the critical role of land-use policies for future renewable energy development in various national and institutional contexts.